Loading Requirements & Safety
Proper loading procedures are essential for safety, efficiency, and regulatory compliance. This guide covers loading requirements, safety protocols, and best practices for different truck types.
Loading SafetyFreight RequirementsDOT Regulations
Dry Van
Loading Method: Rear Door Only
Requirements
- •Forklift or pallet jack access from rear
- •Dock height: 48-50 inches preferred
- •Minimum 14 feet clearance behind trailer
- •Level loading dock for proper alignment
Safety Considerations
- ⚠Check trailer floor condition before loading
- ⚠Verify weight distribution throughout loading
- ⚠Ensure cargo is properly secured
- ⚠Use dock plates or levelers as needed
Required Equipment
- 🔧Forklift (capacity based on cargo weight)
- 🔧Pallet jack for lighter loads
- 🔧Dock plates or levelers
- 🔧Load bars or straps for securement
Flatbed
Loading Method: Side, Rear, or Overhead
Requirements
- •Crane or forklift access from multiple angles
- •Minimum 12 feet clearance on loading side
- •Level surface for stable loading
- •Adequate tie-down points throughout deck
Safety Considerations
- ⚠Inspect deck condition and tie-down points
- ⚠Plan load distribution before loading
- ⚠Use proper rigging and lifting equipment
- ⚠Follow DOT securement regulations
Required Equipment
- 🔧Crane for heavy or tall items
- 🔧Forklift for palletized cargo
- 🔧Straps, chains, or binders
- 🔧Edge protection materials
- 🔧Tarps for weather protection
Refrigerated (Reefer)
Loading Method: Rear Door Only
Requirements
- •Pre-cool trailer to required temperature
- •Dock height: 48-50 inches preferred
- •Rapid loading to minimize temperature loss
- •Proper air circulation around cargo
Safety Considerations
- ⚠Monitor temperature during loading
- ⚠Avoid blocking air circulation vents
- ⚠Use temperature-appropriate PPE
- ⚠Verify refrigeration unit operation
Required Equipment
- 🔧Temperature monitoring equipment
- 🔧Forklift or pallet jack
- 🔧Insulated dock seals
- 🔧Air circulation spacers
Step Deck
Loading Method: Multiple Access Points
Requirements
- •Crane access for upper deck loading
- •Ramp access for lower deck
- •Consider deck height differences
- •Plan loading sequence carefully
Safety Considerations
- ⚠Inspect both deck levels
- ⚠Use proper equipment for each level
- ⚠Maintain stability during loading
- ⚠Secure cargo on both levels
Required Equipment
- 🔧Crane for upper deck
- 🔧Forklift for lower deck
- 🔧Ramps or dock plates
- 🔧Multi-level securement systems
General Safety Rules
Universal safety protocols for all loading operations
Pre-Loading Inspection
- •Check trailer condition and cleanliness
- •Verify working order of equipment
- •Ensure proper dock alignment
- •Confirm weight capacity and distribution
- •Inspect tie-down points and securement equipment
Loading Process
- •Use proper lifting techniques
- •Distribute weight evenly
- •Load heaviest items first and lowest
- •Maintain proper aisle space
- •Keep center of gravity low
Cargo Securement
- •Follow DOT securement regulations
- •Use appropriate tie-down equipment
- •Protect cargo from shifting
- •Inspect securement after loading
- •Document securement methods
Post-Loading
- •Final weight verification
- •Complete bill of lading
- •Seal trailer if required
- •Provide loading documentation
- •Communicate special handling requirements
Weight Distribution Guidelines
DOT weight limits and distribution requirements
| Axle Group | Max Weight | Percentage | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Steer Axle | 12,000 lbs | 15% | Front axle of tractor |
| Drive Axles | 34,000 lbs | 42.5% | Rear axles of tractor |
| Trailer Axles | 34,000 lbs | 42.5% | Axles under trailer |
| Gross Vehicle Weight | 80,000 lbs | 100% | Total weight of loaded vehicle |
Critical Safety Reminders
Always Remember
- • Inspect equipment before each use
- • Follow proper lifting and rigging procedures
- • Maintain communication during loading
- • Never exceed weight or size limits
Regulatory Compliance
- • DOT regulations must be followed
- • Proper documentation is required
- • Hazmat materials need special handling
- • Driver inspection is mandatory